Hacker Perspective: Health + Nutrition

Caveat: this information on this web page is based upon material gathered from a number of sources including the internet. Therefore, use this material cautiously at your own risk and only with the advice of a physician.

Introduction

Thinking their bodies are similar to automobiles, many people incorrectly think that food is just a fuel. In reality food is both "a fuel" and "raw material to enable self-repair and growth" 

Overloading Man and Machine:

A wise biologist once said:

• If you put a 9-HP (horse power) load on a 8-HP electrical motor, the overloaded motor will burn out.
• However, if motors were biological and behaved like the human body, then placing a 9-HP load on an 8-HP motor would cause the motor to become a 9-HP motor over time

Food as a Fuel

• Caloric measurement is performed in a device known as a calorimeter. This device burns test material (usually food) in an enclosed volume with a constant supply of oxygen while measuring the temperature increase of volume of water. Although this is a good starting point, a calorimeter is nothing at all like the human body.
• In physics, one "calorie" (lower-case "c") of thermal energy is required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. This equates to 4.2 Joules.
• In food-science, a "Calorie" (upper-case "C") represents one kilo-calorie which is one thousand times larger. This is the amount of energy required to raise one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. This equates to 4.2 kilo-joules.
• Since there was already great confusion by the common use of an upper-case or lower-case starting letter, the calorie was not included into the System International which is why scientists now use the unit Joule. 
• Don't like metric measurements? An alternate unit is the BTU (British Thermal Unit) which is the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. While BTU is often used for industrial heating and cooling, I have never heard of it being used in human nutrition or food-science.
• Measuring the caloric content of food assumes that "food is just fuel" rather than a mixture of fuel and raw material to enable self repair and growth.
  • Carbohydrate (sugar, starch, etc.)
    • these fuels burn the easiest because they contain with their own built-in oxidizer (oxygen atoms)
    • dictionary definitions:
      • noun (1869): from carbo- "carbon" + hydrate, denoting a compound produced when certain substances combine with water.
      • noun (current): Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds are produced by photosynthetic plants and contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio 1:2:1.
  • Fat
    • these fuels burn less easily than carbohydrates because an external oxidizer must be provided (usually by breathing). The human body can make use of certain essential dietary fats so it is not always a good idea to restrict dietary fat intake. It is a good idea reduce saturated fats and trans fats. (see below for details)
  • Protein
    • while it is true that human animals can burn protein as fuel, it makes much more sense to use this material for tissue growth and repair.
• All three food categories are capable of increasing serum (blood) glucose levels after digestion.
• Most people know that nerve tissue will die quickly without access to glucose or oxygen.
• Many people seem unaware of the fact that nerve tissue (brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves) can burn out (die) when exposed to high levels of serum glucose. To prevent this, the body has developed an elaborate monitoring and control mechanism involving the release of Insulin by the pancreas which signals fat cells to begin removing glucose from the blood.
• All foods ingested do not have the same bioavailability or bioactivity.
  • Grasses
    • Unlike cattle, humans cannot digest grass. Grass does contain calories as measured in a calorimeter and yet almost none of those calories will be absorbed by the human body. (even cattle cannot directly digest grass; they employ bacteria in a special stomach compartment to perform the conversion)
  • Simple Carbohydrates
    • Simple carbohydrates, like refined sugar and starches, don't need to be digested and therefore race into the body causing a spike in blood glucose levels. This event is noticed by the pancreas (note: both the "current level" as well as the "rate of increase" are important) which releases the hormone Insulin in response. Insulin signals other body parts, like fat cells, to begin to "take up" the serum glucose.
      It should be pointed out that a large release of insulin usually causes an over reaction which can drive the blood glucose levels from a state of hyperglycemia (too high) to a state of hypoglycemia (too low). In healthy people this will trigger hunger pangs which will cause the whole ingestion-digestion-compensation cycle to repeat.
    • Starch is nature's stored form of sugar and comes in the form of bread, rice, potatoes, and pasta. A starch digesting enzyme called amylase can be found all through our digestive tracts starting with the saliva in our mouths. To experience this digestive process, place a small piece of white bread into your mouth and wait 10 to 30 seconds while the enzyme converts some of the starch into sugar. It will begin to taste sweet, and this one reason why some people refuse to give up white bread. This is another reason why eating slowly is more satisfying. The conversion from starch into sugar will continue inside your stomach but there are no taste buds down there to enjoy it.
    • Avoid refined sugar entirely
      • it has only been available to modern man in large quantities for the past few hundred years and humanity was not meant to consume it
      • many people don't know that jam is sweet because the high sugar content is toxic to most bacteria and mold. In this case sugar must only be thought of as a preservative.
    • Avoid white bread entirely
      • its popularity has fluctuated greatly over the past few hundred years but the most recent round occurred when people were convinced to purchase bread products rather than make it
        • retail bakers discovered that white bread has a much longer "shelf life" than whole grain bread. The problem here is that the bread now lasts longer because many nutrients have been removed. The retail bakers then tried to fix this problem by adding vitamins and minerals to "enrich" the flour.
        • many commercial bread manufacturers scammed us for many years by selling caramel colored white bread (simply labeled "brown bread") as if it was the healthy brown bread. If you eat bread you want course-ground whole-grains. (due to larger surface area, fine-ground particles are digested faster than course-ground; you always want to digest slowly in order to avoid spiking your serum glucose levels)
    • Limit white pasta and white rice.
      • since fully cooked white pasta will quickly convert into sugar, try preparing it al dente (under cooked). Under-cooked pasta will convert to sugar much more slowly.
      • serving pasta covered with a light coating of olive oil will slow the digestion rate which will produce the same amount of sugar but over a much longer time period.
      • replace pure white pasta with brown, green and red pasta (provided the coloring is natural and not artificial)
    • Avoid sugary soft drinks entirely.
      • most soft drinks contain between 4 and 10 teaspoons of sugar per serving.
    • Limit fruit drinks.
      • In the wild, you would never be able to eat more than one or two apples (or oranges) due to the fiber. So why do people think it is good to serve large glasses of apple juice or orange juice? Just because something is natural doesn't mean it is good for you. Think about scorpions and snakes the next time you are offered fruit juice.
  • Complex Carbohydrates.
    • Complex carbohydrates, like whole wheat bread and under cooked pasta, require digestion. Blood glucose levels will rise more slowly and the pancreas will be able to react in a more precise and controlled fashion. The rule of thumb here is the more complex the carbohydrate, the slower the digestion, absorption, and pancreas reaction.
    • Despite the fact that blood glucose rates will rise much more slowly, they will still rise. Overeating will still cause a larger release of insulin with some of the negative side effects (like triggering fat storage).
  • Fats.
    • Fats require just as much (if not more) digestion than complex carbohydrates and will never cause a rapid increase in blood glucose levels. But as previously mentioned, overeating will still cause a larger release of insulin with some of the negative side effects (like triggering fat storage).
    • In the early 1990s marketing bozos used pretzel logic to convince consumers that eating fat makes you fat. Before too long almost everything purchased in a super market contained a "low fat" label. However, fat gives food its taste, and low fat food tasted bad, so they compensated by adding carbohydrates. In most cases the "low fat" version of any food had the same number of calories as the "normal fat" version, but the "low fat" version could actually trigger more "fat storage".
      • labeling caveat:
        • low fat foods contain low fat but may be tweaked with high carbs
        • low carbohydrate foods will help you restrict fat creation and subsequent fat storage
  • Proteins
    • Proteins are the base material for all tissues as well as enzymes and hormones.
    • Although they can be burned, it is much more efficient to use them for other purposes.
    • Proteins are composed of amino acids. There are 20 amino acids of which humans can make only 12 which means that the other 8 must come from our diet.  (Rats, on the other hand, can make all 20). If any one of the essential 8 amino acids is missing, protein synthesis will stop.
• Errors in early dietary recommendations were based upon simple interpretations of the following facts:
  

  One gram of this:	Yields This Many Calories:
  carbohydrate	4
  fat	9
  protein	4

  So at first glance, it looks like eating fats will make cause you to take in more calories.
  However, eating simple carbohydrates...
  • will trigger the largest insulin release...
  • which tells fat cells and muscles to remove too much glucose from the bloodstream...
  • which will causes new hunger pangs...
  • which will cause you to eat more food thus triggering a new vicious cycle
• Marketing
  • low-fat foods
    • In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some smaller food manufacturers believed calorie facts "as-is" then began to market "low-fat" snack food.
    • Big companies (who can, and do, employ nutritionists and scientists) should have known better but decided it was better to sell the pubic what the public wants.
    • It only took 10 years to see obesity as a problem.
    • It only took 20 years to see obesity in epidemic proportions
    • Reminder: Much Low-fat food (which has been tweaked with sugar to improve the taste) will make you fatter than food with a higher fat content. Always inspect the labels
  • soft drinks
    • How many people remember the tiny 6.5 once (5 cent) soft-drink bottles sold from 1960s vending machines?.
    • Now every convenience store stacks 32-once torpedo bottles.
    • The movement to much larger bottles was also due to a marketing war between the soft-drink vendors (their cost between the contents of small and large bottles is negligible)
    • If you must consume soft-drinks then make sure it is either low-cal or zero-cal. Although artificial sweeteners come with some risk, being obese is also risky as well as undesirable.
  • fruit drinks
    • How many people remember ordering orange juice in a restaurant then having it served in a 7 once "juice glass"? For some reason I don't understand, many young people today have never heard the phrase "juice glass".
    • What is worse is this: No one can eat more than two apples or two oranges due to the fiber content. And yet a children are often handed a glass containing the equivalent of many more than two pieces of fruit.

Food as a Building Material

• As stated earlier, all nutritional food falls into three (or four) major categories
  1. Carbohydrates
     • sugars, starches, etc.
     • only used as a fuel source
     • never used as a building block
  2. Fat (lipids)
     • can be used as a fuel
     • can be used as a component of building block material
       • cell walls are composed of a water tight material known as lipoproteins.
         (think of cells as little bags of water made of a protein outer wall with a fat (lipid or lipo) water-proof inner lining)
       • some are considered essential fatty acids and only come from our diet
       • Myelin is a fatty protein substance used as an electrical insulator to protect nerves. Losing Myelin is similar to allowing bare wires to short circuit.
     • dietary fat comes in four chemical categories (ranked in order of good to bad)
       1. monounsaturated
          • each molecule is one hydrogen atom away from being saturated
       2. polyunsaturated
          • each molecule is many hydrogen atoms away from being saturated
       3. saturated
          • each molecule is saturated (can't add any more hydrogen)
       4. trans fat
          • in biology, the prefixes cis and trans signify chemical differences that can make a molecule twist to the right or to the left.
          • In chemistry, these prefixes indicate which versions of the molecule are flexible verses rigid.
          • although trans fats exist in nature, they are usually produced during the manufacturing of processed foods and are associated with coronary disease.
            • these molecules are known to move from the digestive tract into the body where they clump up
            • some researchers believe these molecules get pass the blood-brain barrier and play some kind of role in Alzheimer's disease
            • these molecules have been known to block the cellular absorption of amino acids (components of protein)
          • In the 1950s people were convinced to switch from butter to margarine. Butter tended to be naturally hard or soft based upon temperature while margarine has been moved from a liquid phase to a solid phase by industrial hydrogenation.  This same process resulted in margarine containing much more trans fat.
  3. Protein
     • Although it can be burned, it is more efficient to use it for other purposes.
     • Proteins are the base material for all tissues as well as enzymes, neurotransmitters, and hormones.
     • Proteins are composed of amino acids (the amino acid order determines the function). Think of protein as a necklace and the amino acids as pearls.
     • There are 20 amino acids of which humans can make only 12 which means the other 8 essential amino acids must come from our diet.  (Rats, on the other hand, can make all 20 which is one reason they are so successful at survival). Whenever any of the essential 8 are missing, protein synthesis stops.
     • Eating too little protein...
       • can hinder certain kinds of chemical processing including digestion. (protein is the substrate for all hormones)
       • will have a degenerative effect on the endocrine system (including signaling via protein messages)
       • can result in certain kinds of nutrition-deficient nerve and brain disorders.
         • It is my personal belief that dietary protein is one component necessary for good mental health.
       • can result in a weakening of the immune system (B-cells, T-cells, CD4-cells, CD8-cells etc. are all built from protein)
     • Unlike fat, protein is not stored in a long term fashion for future use so our bodies will preferentially cannibalize internal protein structures as required (thus treating them like storage containers). These include:
       • breaking down immune system cells (ever wonder why you sometimes get a cold sore after a few days of too much exercise combined with too little nutrition?)
       • breaking down muscles in the extremities (arms and legs) to save muscles in the core (heart)
  4.  Vitamins, Minerals, etc.
     • Vitamins
       • When they were first discovered, scientists where looking for amino-acids and mislabeled these substances "vital amines" which was later shortened to vit-a-mins. In fact, these substances really fall under the category of coenzymes (except vitamin-D which is a steroid) and act as a catalyst in enzyme related chemistry.
       • Vitamins are classed as water soluble (all the B and C vitamins) or fat soluble (all the rest). Ingest too many water soluble vitamins and you'll urinate away the excess. Ingest too many fat soluble vitamins and their storage in your body may approach toxic concentrations.
       • Certain vitamins like vitamin-C are necessary for normal life. English sailors several hundred years ago endured gum disease and premature tooth loss until they were given a daily ration of limes to stop this disease. Ever since then they were known as "limeys".
       • Scientists have known for quite some time that human cancer rates increase in proportion to the distance from the equator. It was always believed that this was due to industrial pollution which tends to be greater in the north. Around 1980, some American doctors believed that this might have something to do with vitamin-D which is normally produced when human skin is exposure to sunlight (which is much lower in higher latitudes -OR- non-existent if you wear a sunscreen with SPF-8 or higher). Since that time there has been quite a bit of evidence that human cancer rates are much lower in in higher latitudes when a daily vitamin-D supplement is consumed. Supplementation is even more important today since fewer adults eat fish or drink milk (which is usually fortified with vitamin-D).
         • I'm am 53 years old (in 2005) and have been consuming a single 400 IU tablet of vitamin-D³ daily for the past 3 months. This stuff is really cheap ($7 per bottle of 100 tablets) but has improved my physical health.
           • Previously I had chronic tooth aches with no tooth decay (and dental X-rays revealed nothing). After one month of vitamin-d supplementation the chronic pain has totally stopped.
           • I always felt my teeth move slightly whenever I ate steak. Now all my teeth now feel rock solid and this is not surprising since bone and tooth growth are not possible without Vitamin-D. BTW, I still have all 28 of my original adult teeth (wisdom teeth were extracted due to lack of space).
           • For the past 13 years I've been suffering from a mild form of SAD (seasonal affective disorder) which starts near Halloween and doesn't seem to go away until mid-December. After consuming a daily vitamin-D supplement my SAD feels much lower than previous years.
         • If you consume Vitamin-D with calcium, or calcium alone, then you must always include magnesium. Why?
           Most supplement manufacturers make use of calcium carbonate which is less expensive than calcium citrate. But calcium carbonate is associated with constipation
           

           quote: Too much calcium causes the walls of the colon to contract, making it harder for feces to pass. The longer stool sits inside the colon the more dehydrated it becomes, making it even more difficult to pass normally.

           Note that a magnesium supplement can counteract this effect effect. You may also need to employ Restoralax.
       • It has long been known that some vitamins can have an anti-oxidizing effect in the body which will result in the reduction of "one of the risk factors" associated with certain kinds of cancer. That said, preventing cancer and eliminating cancer are two completely different things. No nutrient therapy has ever been known to cure cancer. If you suspect cancer then see a doctor immediately AND read all you can on the subject but beware of anything that sounds like somebody's "get-rich-quick scheme" because snake-oil salesmen have always preyed on the gullible public and no one will be more desperate than someone who has just been told they have cancer.
     • Coenzyme Q10
       • Every cell in your body contains an energy-producing organelle called a mitochondria or mitochondrion. Some body organs never sleep which means their cells host more of them. Heart cells may have several while liver cells often contain many more. The problem with mitochondria is they get tired as they get age -AND- they require a better supply of Coenzyme Q10. There is not much you can do for a worn out mitochondria other than hoping your body will kill the host cell then cause a neighboring cell to replicate. But you can improve things by consuming an Coenzyme Q10 supplement.
       • Speaking of tired (lazy?) mitochondria, they host a chemical process known as the Krebs Cycle which involves Citric Acid.  Therefore, you should not attempt to get through life living on Vitamin-C supplements but no citric-acid containing fruit.
     • Dietary Minerals

Nutritional Summary

• undo the error of the early 1990s
  • decrease dietary carbohydrates (if at all possible, eliminate simple carbs like refined sugar and white flour).
    On a microscopic level, cell division (specifically, DNA duplication) is one of the most energy intensive operations in the world of biology. On a macroscopic level, the human brain requires more energy than any other organ. Reducing carbohydrates will adversely affect these two examples.
  • increase dietary fat (in this order: monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, saturated)
• undo the error of the early 1950s
  • switch from white bread back to whole grain bread.
    • This will have the additional benefit of increasing dietary fiber which will have a cleansing effect on the lower digestive tract.
  • switch from margarine back to butter (or cream cheese)
  • switch from butter to cream cheese
• eat more protein. Every system in your body will benefit from this.
• give up sugared soft drinks entirely. All meals should be consumed with either:
  • water
  • milk - preferred since it acts as a natural emulsifier allowing oil and water to mix in the stomach.
  • beer or wine (never more than 2 servings of alcohol per day)
• reduce or eliminate fruit juice. The sugar may be all natural but it is still too much, too soon
  • It is much better to eat an orange than drink the equivalent amount of orange juice
  • It is much better to eat an apple than drink the equivalent amount or apple juice.
    • Apples are also an excellent source of dietary fiber which means you will be unable to eat many of them (everybody can eat one but very few can eat three). Now consider how much apple sugar you ingest when you drink apple juice (it's way more than you could eat directly from the source).
• Magic Ratios
  • some nutritionists have said that the best diet consists of:
    • 3 parts carbohydrate, 2 parts fat, 1 part protein
  • some sports medicine people have stated that the best diet consists of:
    • 2 parts carbohydrate, 2 parts fat, 2 parts protein
  • The correct diet for you is probably somewhere in between

2015 Addendum

• Biologist and humanitarian Norman Borlaug kicked off the Green Revolution which is responsible for saving billions of humans from starvation. If life were fair then "every citizen of planet Earth would know this man's name" and "we would all participate in a world wide holiday celebrating his accomplishments" (I vote we declare January-1 as Norman Borlaug Day).
• There is no way I can do justice to his life's work on this page but I will say this: I have seen some (rational) online discussion suggesting...

  His numerous techniques for increasing annual productivity (including the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers) can leave the soil somewhat overtaxed. While you can get a second growing season out of many plots of land, plants may not have the levels of iron, magnesium or copper they might have had naturally. Even still, a slightly less-nutritious plant is a million times better than starving

• This is why you need a single multivitamin tablet each day: Nutritional insurance

comment: I realize it's not natural (or how we evolved) but the same could be said for what we're doing to the planet. Stop thinking about Homosapien and start thinking Homo technologicus

You Need Physical Exercise!

• In the very early 1900's, approximately 90% of North Americas were involved in agriculture and food distribution. Much of this was manual labor associated with farming.
• One hundred years later this figure has dropped to 2% leaving the remaining 98% of our population mostly sedentary
• This is the first 100 years of mankind's existence where a strenuous lifestyle is not required in order to live. We were not designed to operate in this environment. We all need physical exercise.
• Biology is "Demand Driven":
  • SKELETON: While attempting to prevent osteoporosis, you could eat huge quantities of calcium but very little will be utilized by osteogenesis (bone growth processes) until a physical load is placed upon your skeleton. Whether we're talking about bones, muscle or brain, we must always remember the biological truism: "use-it or lose-it"
  • METABOLISM: If you've never exercised but then decide to go for a short jog or run, you will quickly loose your breath. As you repeat this on a daily basis, you will gradually increase your endurance to the point that you will no longer loose your breath. The reason for this change is that your body noticed you were out of breath and so compensated by manufacturing additional red blood cells which will enable more oxygen to be transported from the lungs to your muscles. This added oxygen will have the effect of raising your resting metabolism. When you stop exercising it only takes 14-21 days for the body to get rid of the (now unneeded) excess red blood cells. This will slow your resting metabolism which will cause you to gain fat and loose muscle. Scientists tell us the oxidative damage is caused by metabolic body processes with insufficient oxygen (partial burning). I have always wondered if extra red blood cells would reduce this since much more oxygen is available (complete burning).
  • EYE DISEASE: One type of macular degeneration is caused by an excessive growth of blood vessels in the eye. Normally, angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels) is caused by a lack of oxygen. Rather than growing new blood vessels, it might make more sense to get some daily exercise. In the short term, this will oxygenate more of the body while you are exercising. In the long term your body will increase the number of red blood cells which will allow more oxygen to be delivered to various parts of the body whether you are exercising or at rest.
• Isaac Asimov (PhD Biochemistry)
  • Died in 1992 at age 72 from complications related to AIDS.
  • He contracted this disease (AIDS) during a blood transfusion in 1984 after a triple bypass.
  • If he would have exercised moderately and monitored his diet, he would not have needed the bypass surgery or the blood transfusion which resulted in the infection that killed him. Had he lived 10 more years, he probably would have published a few dozen more books (Asimov's 15 most popular sci-fi books).
• My Father
  • Died in 1988 at the age of 63.
  • Had a physically demanding job as a butcher so appearing strong and vigorous while working.
  • He smoked cigars all his adult life but only drank alcohol occasionally and never to excess.
  • He retired at age 62 and seemed to lose biceps size in 3-4 months.
  • After 10 months of retirement he died of a massive heart attack (the coronary artery splits into 3 branches; the lowest branch was totally occluded while the middle branch was only blocked to the 50% mark)
  • Although many believe that it's the sudden stop that gets you, the truth of the matter is that you can get away with a few of life's vices provided you have a physically demanding life. But you will live longer if you exercise daily and skip these same vices.
    Except for one thing: for some unknown reason, people who drink no alcohol have a similar mortality rate as alcoholics. People in the middle who only drink 1-2 ounces of alcohol per day seem to live longer. Perhaps alcohol thins the blood; perhaps social contact in a pub reduces stress. For more information try searching the phrase J-curve alcohol in Google. Also check out the book "The Healthy Barmaid" by Doctor W. Gifford-Jones http://www.canadafreepress.com/medical/alcohol041295.htm
    p.s. pregnant women must never consume alcohol since the baby's underdeveloped body is incapable of filtering and removing alcohol.

Stress + Inflammation

Overview

Biology can be best described as the merger of two related process: anabolic and catabolic. The anabolic process builds while the catabolic process destroys.

    Metabolic = Anabolic + Catabolic

A short time after we are born anabolism (building) is running high while catabolism (destroying) is running low. As we age anabolism starts to drop while catabolism starts to rise. Once catabolism rises above anabolism, natural death is not far behind.

Hormones

The hormone symphony that controls our lives is nothing short of a miracle and yet some hormones have a much greater effect than others. Anabolic hormones like testosterone (which exists in both men and women by the way) help us grow and maintain muscle mass but catabolic hormones like cortisol make sure we won't keep that mass without exercise.

One of the more negative aspects of cortisol is that it is released during times of injury or stress. One of the more diabolical facts associated with aging is that the body's sensitivity to stress increases with age which only results in more production of cortisol. So although it is not a good idea to try to eliminate cortisol from the body, it is probably a good idea to control your stress so cortisol is not released too often or too long.

For some reason that medicine does not yet understand, this age-related sensitivity to stress can be reduced with moderate daily exercise.

Exercise	lower stress
No Exercise	higher stress

Your car might last much longer if you didn't use it but the sane is not true for your body.

Omega-3 vs. Omega-3-6-9

Many citizens supplement with Omega 3 to reduce the action of cortisol in inflammation. People with Addison's Disease (John F Kennedy was one notable example) cannot produce sufficient cortisol so you want to balance between too little and too much.

• Since cortisol is one mechanism used by the body to empty fat cells (the opposite action of insulin), people supplementing with Omega-3 might benefit by switching to Omega-3-6-9 so that cortisol is tempered but not reduced to far
• Rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease made worse by inflammation so people with this disease should be eliminating all foods with Omega-6 (so switch Omega-3)

Additional Resources

• Read the book "Good Calories, Bad Calories" by Gary Taubes
• Guaranteed Human Life Extension - quantity as well as quality. This is not a joke or scam but it will cost you $6.00 per month.
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_paradox
  • many people in the west think this is due to wine and Resveratrol
  • many Europeans think this is due to life-style (fast-food business in the west vs. the slow-food cultural movement in Europe)
  • it may even be due to higher levels of trans-fats in the west vs. low levels in Europe
• Diabetes comes in two major categories and here are some very simple descriptions:
  • Type 1 Diabetes is caused by the pancreas producing insufficient amounts of insulin. The only treatment here is injecting insulin because you can't live without it.
  • Type 2 Diabetes is caused by a life-time of consuming too much sugar. Your pancreas is releasing insulin but insulin receptors (special cells that listen for, then react to, the insulin signal) throughout your body have become so tired from a lifetime of use that they have become deaf to the signal. If you don't ever what to find yourself in this situation then you need to reduce your consumption of simple carbs, especially sugar, immediately. DO NOT BURN OUT YOUR RECEPTORS!
  • Type 3 Diabetes (unofficial name) involves the inability of the brain to utilize serum glucose (sugar). Think about all those older people with dementia slapped with an Alzheimer's label. Many of these people are eating (or are being force fed, perhaps intravenously) but their brains are unable to utilize serum glucose. This is one reason why some appear to be in a sleepy stupor or appear like a sleepy drunk (question: does serving them toast and jam every morning make any sense?) Research is in early days here but it appears that type-3 diabetes may come in two flavors.
    • Type-3a (think 3-one) involves insulin not being able to transition across the blood-brain barrier (caveat: some recent publications indicate that the brain manufactures its own insulin). Since this form of diabetes is similar to type-1, adding insulin can temporarily improve the situation and this is done with an experimental insulin inhaler (it is like you are snorting insulin). Patients in this category immediately regain their mental faculties.
    • Type-3b (or, alternatively, Type-2b where b = brain) is similar to traditional type-2 where insulin receptors in the brain are worn-out and so are no longer listening to the insulin message.
  • Links:
    • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769828/ Alzheimer's Disease Is Type 3 Diabetes – Evidence Reviewed
    • www.diabetes.co.uk/type3-diabetes.html (can the brain manufacture its own form of insulin?)
    • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4315609.stm
    • www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/sugar-and-your-brain-alzheimer's-disease-actually-type-3-diabetes

Vaccines (a miracle cure for humanity)

A brief list of known "memory systems"

(some) Biological memory systems

• DNA
  • long term memory of the genetic subroutines of our ancestors
• RNA
  • short term copies of DNA segments (messages) sent throughout a cell to accomplish some task
• Brain
  • short term memory including stuff like "what I ate for dinner yesterday" or "where did I park my car?"
  • long term data including everything from "how to catch a frog" to "the knowledge of math and science"
• Spinal Column
  • reflexes, like "how to retract from a hot object without thinking about it"
• Immune System
  • memory of all the diseases encountered by the host body

The many paths to knowledge

While it is possible for every human brain to redevelop everything (like math and science) from first principles, it is much more efficient to attend a school where the factual information is passed from instructor to student. This way, all students can avoid the failures and dead-end paths taken by others.

Likewise, an immune system can learn about diseases it has not yet encountered by being exposed to the protein coats associated with viruses collected by scientists. The end-product is known as a vaccine and the information download process is known as an inoculation. In most cases a vaccine is a collection of multiple viruses that have been sliced-and-diced by enzymes during the manufacturing process (rendering them non-infectious). The resulting protein segments of these viruses are then injected into the body where the immune system notices something foreign then begins manufacturing protein anti-bodies for an attack which never materializes but is remembered.

Caveat-1: some viral diseases are so dangerous that it is unlikely you will survive your first natural contact. Or if you do survive, you will never be fully returned to a pre-diseased state. One example is Polio (Poliomyelitis) which was rampant during my childhood in the 1950s but another example is hepatitis which is rampant in human society today. Benjamin Franklin said it best: An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. In the case of inoculations this might be rephrased: A nanogram of vaccine is worth a kilogram of cure.

Caveat-2: Most modern people today would be embarrassed to admit they are functionally illiterate. So if inoculations are a form of learning then shouldn't people be just as embarrassed to admit their bodies haven't be educated? I suppose ignorance is a form of bliss but this form will get you killed.

Cancer

Fully 20% of all cancers are caused by viruses with some scientists speculating that the number is as high as 40%. One nasty virus is HPV (human papilloma virus) which comes in ~ 130 versions with the most benign forms responsible for ten kinds of warts. However, there are other versions of HPV which are responsible for skin cancer, genital cancer, anal cancer, and 90% of all cervical cancers.

Two vaccines are available to prevent infection by some HPV types responsible for cervical cancer. Inoculate your daughters to reduce the danger of cervical cancer in their bodies then inoculate your sons to protect your future daughters-in-law.

"Egg Allergies" and "Herd Immunity"

A very simple explanation

During the creation of a vaccine, live viruses are evolutionarily adapted to non-human hosts by being transferred into three-to-four generations of chicken eggs. During the transfer, the virus becomes more bird-like which means it becomes virtually harmless (before slicing-and-dicing) to humans. It also means that people with allergies to egg protein will not be able to utilize a vaccine prepared in this way.

But it is not necessary for everyone in society to be inoculated (although those who are not are in greater danger than those who have). If a significant majority of the population is inoculated then herd immunity will prevent the disease in question from becoming an epidemic (thus protecting un-inoculated people in the herd)

Inoculations do not cause Autism.

Facts:

• Males experience Autism at rates ~4 times greater than females and this magic ratio reminds me of other sex-chromosome linked diseases like Hemophilia.
• By law, 100% of the health records of the citizens of Denmark must be sent to the government which are then made available to researchers (personal data is not disclosed). These records contain information about who has, and who has not, received childhood inoculations. By analyzing this data it can be seen that autism rates are virtually identical for the inoculated group vs. the uninoculated group.
• It is true that there are now higher rates of autism, but this primarily due to the fact that some other afflictions are now also being labeled as autism (or autism spectrum)
• To learn more:
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism
  • www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001526.htm
  • www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb1142.htm

Comments: The medical community published the above information in 2001-2002 but conspiracy theorists have kept the Autism scare alive. I worry about parents who will lose a child to a disease which could have been prevented with a vaccine. But in the end it is all up to choice: do you want to live in the modern scientific world or live like the Amish?

Summary - Departing Thoughts

Summary

Here is my advice for good health:

• eat properly
  • In 400 BCE Hippocrates said "the body knows how to heal itself because food is medicine and medicine is food". But if your doctor prescribes a drug then you would be wise to consider that advice
  • you will need a vitamin supplement but don't over do it. Too much (toxic) is worse than too little (anemia). If you want to be careful then buy a bottle of multiple vitamin tablets then break them in half
  • avoid all simple carbohydrates (white bread, white crackers, doughnuts, etc) and eliminate (if possible) sugar which is not a food but is a calorie-dense chemical
  • limit (but do not eliminate) dietary salt. Sea salt is slightly better than table salt.
  • don't smoke or vape tobacco or nicotine
  • limit (but do not eliminate) alcohol consumption to one drink a day (1-2 oz per day).
    • The "J Curve" of mortality vs. alcohol consumption
      • Search: https://www.google.ca/search?q=j-curve+alcohol
      • began life 40 years ago as the "U Curve"
        • picture the letter "U" on a Cartesian coordinate diagram
          • Search: https://www.google.ca/search?q=u-curve+alcohol
          • alcohol consumption moves left-right on the x-axis
          • mortality is plotted on the y-axis
          • too little alcohol can shorten your life (left side of the "U") as much as too much alcohol (right side of the "U")
        • 1981: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6110820
      • today it is known as the J-Curve in men and the L-Curve in women
        
        • 2015: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3872245/
      • https://www.alcoholpolicy.net/2018/08/moderate-drinking-j-curve-headlines-return-dementia-study.html
    • Read the book "The Healthy Barmaid" by Doctor W. Gifford-Jones http://www.canadafreepress.com/medical/alcohol041295.htm
      • https://www.docgiff.com/product/the-healthy-barmaid/
• remain hydrated
  • limit diuretics like caffeine and alcohol
  • water is superior to any soft drink or soda
  • eliminating dietary salt can contribute to dehydration which can contribute to one form of constipation so you might which to watch this:
    https://gem.cbc.ca/the-nature-of-things/s59e09 - titled: Pass the Salt
    A few highlights:
    • dietary salt (higher than what we see in the west but NOT as high as levels seen in China) only increases blood pressure in 20% of us
    • only 6 of 10,000 scientific papers on the effects of dietary salt contained decent science
• get plenty of sleep
• sign up for every vaccine available to you
  • 20% of all cancers are caused by viruses but some researchers now speculate that the real number might be 40%
• talk to your doctor and/or schedule a yearly checkup
  • actors and silicon valley engineers have not been to medical school so their advice should always be considered suspect
• you need 45 minutes of exercise per day (but 60 minutes would be better); exercise will help you sleep at night
• consider occasionally fasting (for health; not religion)

Departing Thoughts

The world is gray, not black and white which means there can be many reasons for our problems. What follows has very little to do with peer-reviewed science.

• People are living a lot longer and we are seeing a lot more age-related dementia. Question: is the increase in dementia only due to more of us living further into old age or are there other contributing factors like too much sugar, too little fat, and too little exercise?  And if so, what is the ratio? I don't know.
• Both Autism and ADHD are being diagnosed at higher rates. While some of these cases are do to better testing, could some be due to industrial pollutants? I don't know BUT I do know that it has nothing to do with vaccinations.
• In the 1960s I do not recall seeing more than a few obese people and almost every diabetic was type-1 (I had an uncle that was; it was acquired during his childhood and many researchers today might suspect it due to an autoimmune disease but what would cause that?) Today it appears that one in four people are obese, and we often hear type-2 or the unofficial type-3 of the brain. Some of this must have something to do with the food industry shifting from fat to sugar back in the late 1970s which was based upon the bad science of Ancel Keys (who was a medical doctor but not a science). Now that we know that this was shift was a mistake, then why can't we move back? Has it anything to do with the fact that the American sugar industry is subsidized by the US government? I don't know.
• Decades ago many more older people were walking with the support of a cane. Today it is much more common to hear about a friend or relative getting hip or knee replacement surgery. But I am also beginning to hear this from my buddies at my gym (isn't exercise suppose to protect us?) which made me wonder why the living material between the bones is drying out (supposedly, this doesn't happen in the nature with elephants). Could this be related to water retention, hormonal changes, or something else? I can't help thinking that our modern human lifestyle may be partly to blame and this may include industrial pollution. Is it true that every person alive in the west is carrying the equivalent of "a credit card of plastic" in our bodies? And what about those "forever chemicals" like PFAS that can disrupt hormones. comment: with no offense intended to anyone, an open-minded scientist should now be thinking "I wonder what fraction of today's transgender issues are related to industrial pollution like PFAS, ingesting microplastic particles, etc.?"   

Miscellaneous Stuff

Intermittent Fasting (for health, not religion)

Why fast?

• Humans evolved in a hunter-gatherer environment so did not have daily access to high quality food. Today's bodies cannot (easily) tolerate this new situation where food is 100% available (at least in the west)
  • The skyrocketing rates of diabetes may be one symptom of too many available calories in a non-hunter-gatherer society.
  • The exploding frequency of "age related dementia" (and dementia in general) may be another symptom
    caveats:
    1. some dementia may be associated with type-3 diabetes (type-2 diabetes of the brain)
    2. some dementia may be associated with Alzheimer's disease (see item-5 in this list)
    3. some dementia may be associated with a failure of "brain waste removal" by the Glymphatic system
    4. some dementia may be associated with the accumulation of senescent cells (brief intermittent fasting may hep in this situation)
    5. some dementia may be associated with a failure of "cellular waste removal" associated with tired or defective mitochondria in the brain.
       see:  https://www.newscientist.com/issue/3429/ dated: 2023-03-11
       comment: Coenzyme Q10 might help in this situation
• It has been long known that brief fasting can sharpen the mind.
  • Some people have speculated that the mind becomes sharper so you, the animal, can be better equipped to catch a new meal
  • Recall that old saying: The thin mouse forages while the fat mouse sleeps
• Science reveals more: when you do not have enough food-calories in your system, your body will switch over to autophagy which will:
  • cause cells to cannibalize defective or inefficient organelles; this is intracellular autophagy
  • preferentially cannibalize senescent (zombie) cells; this is intercellular autophagy
    • This happens in both the body as well as the brain. Recall that senescent cells are usually large, bloated and resistant to dying. They have been known to generate a lot of intercellular inflammation. When they do die (or are killed by autophagy), a healthier neighboring cell will usually divide to replace it.
• Autophagy can be stimulated by certain plant-based nutrients like Quercetin

References:

• 2019-04 https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24232270-100-anti-ageing-drugs-are-coming-that-could-keep-you-healthier-for-longer/
• 2018-10 https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24032000-200-fasting-power-can-going-without-food-really-make-you-healthier/
  • quote-1: Thanks to animal studies, we know a fair amount about what happens in the body when food is scarce. A lack of nutrients kick-starts a process called autophagy, in which cells break down and damaged or dysfunctional parts are recycled and used as fuel. The thinking is that this system probably evolved to maximize the chances of surviving famine.
  • quote-2: Autophagy happens at a low level in healthy cells but becomes less efficient as we age. Sluggish autophagy lets the inside of cells gunk up and has been linked to many age-related diseases including cancer, and to the ageing process itself. Some researchers believe that the rise in health problems like cancer and type 2 diabetes has a lot to do with the fact that many people no longer go hungry.
• 2017-12 https://www.newscientist.com/article/2156025-fasting-may-boost-brainpower-by-giving-neurons-more-energy/

Informal Techniques:

My Informal Introduction To Fasting

2014

• No one thinks they can fast until they are forced to do so. For me, that happened in 2014 when I was ordered to fast for 24-hours before a colonoscopy.
• I was not ravenously hungry but I was noticeably that I was much more mentally focused (I seemed to have a razor-sharp mind)

2018

• similar to 2014; I was not ravenously hungry but I was noticeably that I was much more mentally focused (this feeling fades over a few days)

2019

• Strictly as a personal experiment, I began Sunday fasting in March (nothing to do with religion) and may only do this for 8-weeks
• This is easier than you think since you have already been fasting from 21:00 (9 PM) the night before. You might experience very minor hunger pangs at 9:00 and 12:00 but they will only last 15-minutes 
• I resume eating at 18:00 (6 PM) on Sunday for a family meal

Question: What is life?

Question: What is life?

Answer: I don't know but putting reproduction aside for a moment, I have always associated respiration (the chemistry of animal life) with that of a burning candle where, once lit in a stable environment, the candle will burn evenly until all the fuel (in the form of wax) is consumed. The wick doesn't burn until all the fuel surrounding it has burned.

What happens when we die? The simplest explanation is that we go to the same place as the flame when the wick is pinched. It ceases to exist in the physical world.

Therefore, a candle is a man-made device that provides a delicate balance between hot and cold. It does this by ensuring the burn is slow and even.

===== ===== =====

Sticking with the candle metaphor for a moment, think about matches. Once ignited, then burn very hot for a short time (presumably so you can use them to light a candle in a more hostile environment where a light wind blowing or the candle wick is either cold or damp). Although a match has much less fuel (wood or paper) than a candle, the hotter initial temperature causes the match's lifetime to be very short.

===== ===== =====

Now think about kerosene lamps (like the one pictured to the right) which is a industrial age engineered improvement on the candle. This appliance employs a wide, flat wick which burns much slower than that of a candle. Why? This wick draws up liquid fuel from the base. The liquid becomes a vapor as it approaches the flame where it ignites. At this point, like the candle, the heat is carried away from the wick via convection (hot air rises). A glass chimney ensures a uniform temperature around the flame which minimizes flicker while maximizing air flow. This has the effect of moving more air into the combustion area (air flows from holes below the wick, around the flame, then up the glass chimney). On top of all this, it is possible (although dangerous) to refill the base without disturbing (too much) a burning flame.

Question: So what does this have to do with human health?

Answer: If you want to live a long time then try to operate you body as if it were a lamp. Keep the temperature down by eating a little less food (16:8 fasting or 5:2 fasting) or less energetic food (replace simple carbs like sugar with complex carbs). Get an appropriate amount of physical exercise to ensure blood-flow is efficient while airflow in-out of your lungs is unrestrained. This includes giving up smoking and/or vaping.

Tattoos etc.

Aspartame (a.k.a. NutraSweet)

• Personal Note: I personally experienced massive headaches and memory loss associated with the consumption of Aspartame (NutraSweet) in the form of Diet Coke during the mid 1980's. After seeing an episode of Nova which stated "almost 1/3 of North Americans experience unwanted side effects from the consumption of Aspartame", I stopped consuming Aspartame entirely. The head aches went away with in a few weeks and my memory slowly returned (to 95%, I think) within a few years.
• These links seem to think that consumers should proceed cautiously:
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame_controversy
  • www.howstuffworks.com/question536.htm the digestion of Aspartame produces "Methyl Alcohol" (a.k.a. Methanol or Wood Alcohol) which is then converted into Formaldehyde by enzymes in the liver. Formaldehyde can cause some damage to proteins until it is converted into Formic Acid which then interferes with mitochondria
  • Dr. Gabe Mirkin/nutrition/N238.html
    • Aspartame and saccharin continue to be blamed for a wide variety of ills, even though research has shown them to be safe if eaten in reasonable amounts (question: what is the definition of a safe amount? This may apply to maintaining your current weight but probably doesn't apply to correcting an over-weight situation
    • Aspartame breaks down into two chemicals, formaldehyde and phenylalanine.
      • Formaldehyde is a known cancer-causing agent.
      • Phenylalanine is an essential (to human nutrition) amino acid but will cause problems in humans diagnosed with PKU also known as Phenylketonuria
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov    (you will need to search from here)
  • www.medscape.com    (you will need to search from here)
  • www.medbroadcast.com    (you will need to search from here)
• Post Script
  
  • The Aspartame molecule exists in two major forms, Alpha and Beta, with the Beta form causing more problems in humans
  • The Alpha form converts to the Beta form when exposed to acids over time, which can happen to any brand of soft drink sitting on the shelf for a while. I suspect this will happen faster if the product is exposed to additional heat and/or sunlight 
  • Since the speed of chemical reactions is faster with heat, soft drinks stored at room temperature may be more dangerous than those stored in a cooler or a chilled vending machine.
  • The Alpha form (in dry products like gum, Jell-O, vitamins, etc.) isn't known to convert to the Beta form. It was the dry form which was originally submitted to the government for safety testing and approval.

Additional Links

• www.nih.gov - National Institute of Health
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov - National Center for Biotechnology Information
  • www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome (human genome project)
• Medscape is a neat online medical + drug resource. You need a user name and password to get in, but these are free if you go through the registration process.
• Gary Taubes: The Case Against Sugar
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pnPgLt2EVI
• How Bad Science and Big Business Created the Obesity Epidemic
  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vr-c8GeT34 (video 1:03:58)
• The Nature of Things: Pass the Salt
  https://gem.cbc.ca/the-nature-of-things/s59e09 (you might want to discuss this with your Doctor)
• Guaranteed Human Life Extension - quantity as well as quality. This is not a joke or scam but it will cost you $6.00 per month.
• This Book Could Save Your Life (2020) by Graham Lawson

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Neil Rieck
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.